The società in nome collettivo (S.n.c.) is one of the business structures often chosen by those starting a small or medium-sized business in Italy. It’s a type of partnership with a simple setup, relatively low costs, and often used for family-run businesses or where trust between partners is essential.
In an S.n.c., all partners have unlimited and joint liability–and that’s a crucial point. If the business can’t meet its obligations, creditors can go after the partners personally, including their private assets.
So, how do you set up an S.n.c.? What are the costs, how is it taxed, and what legal obligations come with it (like–do you really need a business account)?
Sommario
Cos’è una società in nome collettivo
La s.n.c. è una società di persone nella quale tutti i soci sono responsabili con il proprio capitale e i propri beni per le obbligazioni dell’azienda. Ha una sede, un nome (ragione sociale) e due o più soci tutti amministratori (non esiste una snc unipersonale, per capirci). Si avvia con un atto pubblico o una scrittura privata da un notaio, che contiene l’oggetto sociale e le modalità di amministrazione.
An S.n.c. is a partnership in which all partners are personally liable–with both their capital and private assets–for the company’s obligations. It must have a registered address, a legal name (company name), and at least two partners, all of whom act as managers (you can’t set up a single-person S.n.c., in other words). It’s established through a public deed or private agreement, drawn up by a notary, which outlines the company’s purpose and management structure.
I soci della s.n.c.
In una s.n.c. esistono sia soci che conferiscono capitale sia soci d’opera, che cioè offrono lavoro, professionalità o servizi. Per tutti esiste il diritto di partecipazione agli utili, secondo le regole definite nell’atto costitutivo.
An S.n.c. can include both capital partners (who contribute funds) and working partners (who contribute their skills, time or services). All partners are entitled to a share of the profits, as defined in the company’s founding agreement.
Responsabilità
Il punto chiave della s.n.c. è la responsabilità dei proprietari, che per definizione è:
In caso di default, un creditore può pretendere di riavere indietro i propri soldi aggredendo prima il patrimonio sociale, e poi, se non bastasse, anche i beni personali di uno o più soci. In una s.n.c. gli imprenditori rischiano davvero tutto, perciò spesso è una forma giuridica scelta tra persone con legami familiari o di fiducia stretta, dove tutto è condiviso e le condizioni sono accettate da tutti.
Differenze con ditta individuale, s.a.s. o s.r.l.
Rispetto alla ditta individuale, la s.n.c. offre una dimensione più strutturata e la possibilità di dividere la gestione con altri soci. La società di persone, però, non può accedere al regime forfettario e ha maggiori oneri di contabilità. I rischi patrimoniali rimangono simili: l’imprenditore individuale, come il socio s.n.c., ha responsabilità illimitata.
Compared to a sole proprietorship, the S.n.c. offers a more structured setup and the chance to share management duties with other partners. However, as a partnership, it cannot access the simplified flat tax scheme (regime forfettario) and comes with stricter bookkeeping requirements. In terms of liability, the risk is similar: just like a sole trader, S.n.c. partners have unlimited personal liability.
In a società in accomandita semplice (S.a.s.), there are two types of partners:
Se si cerca protezione patrimoniale meglio optare per una s.r.l., se si cerca invece rapidità e costi più contenuti meglio scegliere una s.n.c.
Come aprire una s.n.c.
The comparison shifts when looking at an S.r.l. (limited liability company). In an S.r.l., liability is limited to the capital invested, meaning that if the company fails, the partner only risks losing their initial investment.
So, if your priority is protecting your personal assets, an S.r.l. is the safer choice. But if you're looking for a faster, lower-cost setup, an S.n.c. might be the better fit.
To start an S.n.c., the first step is choosing the company name (denominazione sociale). It must be unique (not used by any existing business), include the name of at least one partner, and clearly show the legal form–e.g. “Rossi & Bianchi s.n.c.”
Next, you’ll need a founding deed (atto costitutivo). This can either be drafted by a notary as a public deed or signed privately by all partners and authenticated by a notary. This document must include:
Alongside the founding deed, you’ll also need a company statute. This outlines how the business will operate: management procedures, partner powers, withdrawal terms, what happens if a partner dies, and how the company would be dissolved.
Ultimo requisito potrebbe essere il conto corrente aziendale, e qui occorre una precisazione.
Conto corrente aziendale per s.n.c.
Una s.n.c. non è obbligata dalla legge ad avere un conto corrente aziendale se il fatturato rimane sotto i 400.000 euro all’anno. Anche se non è imposto, però, è fortemente consigliato aprire un conto dedicato al business, così da mantenere una gestione contabile trasparente e separare le finanze aziendali da quelle personali.
And finally–there’s the business account. Let’s clarify that next.
Legally, an S.n.c. is not required to open a business bank account–as long as annual revenue stays below €400,000. But even if it’s not mandatory, it’s highly recommended to have a dedicated business account. It helps keep your bookkeeping clear and ensures your personal and business finances stay separate.
Costi di apertura e costi annuali
Today, there are fully digital business accounts–like Vivid Money–that are perfectly suited for partnerships like the S.n.c.:
Spese di apertura
Get your finances set up from day one. Open your Vivid business account and benefit from features built for modern partnerships–no monthly fees, instant transfers, and smart tools to help your business grow.
Setup costs and annual fees
Opening an S.n.c. generally comes with lower startup costs than forming a limited liability company.
Between notary fees, stamp duties, Business Register fees, and digital tools (like a certified email address, digital signature, and invoicing software)–plus the cost of hiring an accountant–the average initial investment ranges from €1,500 to €2,500.
Variable annual costs
The main variable is ongoing operational costs. Each year, an S.n.c. must typically pay:
Oltre all’IRPEF, la società in nome collettivo è soggetta all’IRAP, l’Imposta Regionale sulle Attività Produttive. L’aliquota media è circa il 3,9%, ma può variare leggermente da una regione all’altra.
Contributi previdenziali
S.n.c. partnerships with revenue under €400,000 (for service providers) or under €700,000 (for all others) may qualify for the simplified accounting regime, reducing administrative overhead.
L’importo fisso viene aggiornato dall’INPS ogni anno, mentre sul reddito superiore al minimale si paga una percentuale variabile, con fasce aggiornate annualmente (tutto viene pubblicato sul sito dell’INPS). I contributi sono dovuti da tutti i soci, anche quelli d’opera.
Chiusura di una s.n.c.
Tip: Even if profits aren’t actually distributed, partners are taxed on the profits “on paper”–as declared in the books.
Se non ci sono debiti, la società viene chiusa chiedendo la cancellazione del Registro delle Imprese e dividendo direttamente il patrimonio residuo. Agenzia delle Entrate, INPS e INAIL vengono informati tramite Comunicazione Unica, come in fase di apertura.
Each working partner must register with the INPS “Artisans and Merchants” scheme and pay a mandatory minimum contribution, split into four instalments per year, plus a variable percentage on profits.
Uscita, morte e successione dei soci
These contributions apply to all working partners, including working-only partners (soci d’opera).
In caso contrario, la s.n.c. può sciogliersi o procedere alla liquidazione della quota del socio defunto.
Vantaggi e svantaggi della s.n.c.
I punti di forza della s.n.c. sono i costi di apertura, i costi di gestione e i costi amministrativi non elevati, e oneri contabili semplificati. Nella maggior parte dei casi queste imprese hanno una contabilità semplificata, poi all’aumentare dei volumi potrebbe essere necessario passare in contabilità ordinaria. Ma a quel punto conviene passare a un tipo sociale più complesso, come la s.r.l.
If there are no outstanding debts, the business can be closed by requesting removal from the Business Register, and the remaining assets are distributed among the partners. The Tax Agency, INPS, and INAIL are notified through the Single Communication, just as during setup.
Quando conviene scegliere una s.n.c.?
Una società in nome collettivo è una buona forma giuridica quando:
If a partner wishes to leave the company, the rules are defined in the founding agreement or the company statute. If no such rules exist, the exit requires consent from the other partners or must be based on legitimate grounds.
Frequently asked questions
Who can manage an S.n.c.?
An S.n.c. can be managed by all partners, unless otherwise agreed in the company’s statute.
How are profits distributed in an S.n.c.?
Profits are typically shared based on each partner’s ownership stake—or equally, if not specified differently in the founding agreement.
What risks does a working partner face?
Every partner in an S.n.c.—including working-only partners—has unlimited and joint liability. If the business cannot repay its debts, creditors can pursue the partner’s personal assets.
How much does it cost to maintain an S.n.c. annually?
With just two partners, total costs (including Chamber of Commerce fees, accounting, INPS contributions, and other admin expenses) can range from €6,000 to €8,000 per year. These costs rise with the number of partners and business activity.
Should I choose an S.n.c. or an S.r.l. for a small business?
It depends on the type of business, your relationship with partners, growth expectations, and whether outside investment is likely. As a general rule, the more revenue and complexity involved, the more beneficial it is to switch to an S.r.l. for better legal and financial protection.
How do you exit an S.n.c.?
Exit terms depend on what's written in the company statute.
Exiting a business with outstanding debts does not free a partner from liability for obligations incurred while they were still part of the company.
What happens if a partner dies?
If no specific clause exists, the company may either dissolve or the deceased’s share can be transferred to their heirs—if the remaining partners agree.